Just a thought. It seems that in workplaces, employees aren’t prepared adequately to become leaders. This consideration for capability building is neglected. Soon after, the time comes where leaders have to be identified and appointed to the role due to vacancies. Of course those who are selected aren’t yet entirely capable for the role but none the less, the decision is made. This problem is easily solved though. As soon as you ascend the unqualified leader, ensure they receive the training to better perform the role. Usually the employee is self-aware enough to recognise where they have deficiencies and they go to efforts to address these. As humans are not perfect however, it is easy for the one selected to assume that they were chosen for their existing competence. This aura of confidence might mean that the person is no longer aware of their deficiencies for the role. The caution and concern that you’d expect to see is countered by an undue arrogance towards their skills and competence. What I’m getting at is that organisations would do well to select (or at least identify) strong leaders early on and develop these people in a timely manner so when they do step up to the role, they are actually qualified or at least close to being. Perhaps then, the confidence is warranted and does not lead to arrogance in the position.